Social networking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social networking - Research Paper Example the introduction of social networking has changed internet technology to inclusive Internet users can come together in social media sites and sharing their hobbies, views, memories and religion. Many social networking sites require minimum efforts and security to join and almost every site are free. High level of personal information that is displayed in the social networking sites can result in identity theft. There is hardly any person who does not exercise any forms of social networking. The advancement of social networking changed the way of communication of people from silent spectator to effective spectator. This research paper will discuss about the issues of identity privacy on social media sites. The creation of popular social networking sites such as Facebook, Google+, Twitter and Instagram has created a controversial issue which is identity privacy of individual. Some of the identity privacy issues are identity theft, data mining and stalking. Social media sites such as Facebook and twitter has provided a perfect platform for individuals to share their memories and views. Social networking sites have becomes inevitable part of every people by providing maximum global reach. The destination of global reach of people created the domination of social networking. It has brought power back to the people hands by the virtue of interaction of people with other individual can help to create social influence. The astronomical amount of information that is being shared in social media sites created privacy and security issues. Social networking has encouraged people to be more open to share their intimate details (Gershon 19). But this information which are being posted can cause pr ivacy issue like people might stole be aware of this information due to open nature of social networking sites. Social networking site such as Facebook has attracted the

Equity and Debt Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Equity and Debt - Assignment Example The advantages of choosing equity financing reveal the compelling reasons why AMSC management felt the need to adopt floating shares in the market. Firstly, equity financing allowed the company to obtain a long-term relationship with investors ready to commit money in the company’s projects. Such an arrangement avoids short-term risks where the financial security offered by the funding party comes to an end after some time, such as in a loan agreement. Similarly, most investors in equity deals have preferences in the choice of projects to invest in, which attracts professional entrepreneurs. In this regard, equity relationships have safer business linkages by pulling passionate investors who add value in terms of business succession. Another advantage of equity financing relates to the overall reduction in outward cash-flow challenges that shrink liquidity. As opposed to debt financing, equity financing adds money to the business in the long-term, thereby reducing outflow challenges. Evans and Mellen (2010) noted a closely related advantage that touches on the long-term outcomes of additional investment without repayment obligations, which increases chances of growth. The long-term element of the equity relationship secures the growth prospects of a business as opposed to a debt that requires fixed repayment periods. Similarly, the investor bears the risk element of the investment made, which reduces the pressure of compulsory liability as seen in debt financing. The sharing outcomes of the partnership and shared ownership raises the confidence of the equity arrangement in facing risks. From these advantages, the management could have found grounds to make a decision to on engaging shareholders. As mentioned, equity financing also presents a fair share of disadvantages emanating from the opportunity cost against debt financing and other sources of capital. Firstly, equity financing implies

Health Inequalities And Socioeconomic Status Health And Social Care Essay

Health Inequalities And Socioeconomic Status Health And Social Care Essay For years there has been significant evidence linking socio-economic status and health. Statistics show a graded relationship, meaning the higher your social position the greater your level of health (figure 3). This shocking data not only shows the most deprived dying 7 years earlier than the least; they will also have a disability for a longer period of their shorter lives, which is likely to take affect before the ever increasing pension age, 17 years before that of the most affluent (Marmot 2010). Figure 3: Life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy at birth, persons by neighbourhood income level (ONS 2009). Recession does not uniformly impact the health of the nation, affecting different social-classes in different ways and by variable amounts, further accentuating health inequalities (Marmot and Bell 2009).This essay will examine how the behavioural, psycho-social, materialist and life-course aetiological pathways are involved in the health effects of the economic downturn on different socio-economic groups. Unemployment will be discussed in detail being the major variable during an economic downturn, having both direct and secondary causes, and a significant influence on health. Later, other indirect influences such as job insecurity and public sector cuts will also be discussed. Unemployment has a serious affect on health showing a much higher mortality rate for unemployed men (Figure 4). However some of this difference may be attributed to the theory of selection that ill people are more likely to become or remain unemployed, rather than exposure where unemployment causes health deterioration (Burgard et al. 2007). Although some less healthy individuals may lose their jobs before others, the sheer scale of unemployment during economic downturn will make exposure dominant. Contrasting to others Martikainen et al. (2007) argue that the mortality and therefore health during unemployment is often better during a recession due to better support in the form of unemployed peers. However in terms of the nation as a whole increased unemployment deteriorates health, and when considering the individual, although support from peers is important the financial strain combined with other factors such as increased cost of living and public sector cuts, discussed later, wil l exceed this positive effect. Figure 4: Mortality of men in England and Wales in 1981-92, by social-class and employment status at the 1981 Census (Bethune 1997). Unemployments major impact is on an individuals mental health; Price et al. (1998) associated unemployment with decreased self-esteem and perceived competence, increased depression and anxiety along with an increased risk of suicide attempt, alcohol abuse and violence. However other research has indicated that the lack of income outweighs the stress related consumption of cigarettes and alcohol (Ruhm 2005) or that health damaging behaviours are influenced by feelings of control and expectation of future employment (Catalano 1997). Several studies link these psychological affects such as job stress increasing risk factors such as hypertension and serum cholesterol (Weber et al. 1997). In conjunction with this it seems the most common impacts of unemployment on physical health are on the cardiovascular system with Gallo et al. (2006) estimating a doubling of the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction with involuntary job loss. The financial sector initiated the current recession so was the first to directly feel its effects, for example Northern Rock being taken into state ownership and forced to make 800 compulsory redundancies (Treanor 2008). The secondary impact of the recession involved decreased lending from the financial sector, forcing companies to close altogether or relocate abroad for a cheaper workforce, meaning mass unemployment and unlikely reemployment (Clancy and Jenkins 2009). Next as the government feels the squeeze public sector cuts are causing further unemployment. Generally speaking the lower-classes are the most likely to become unemployed, occurring mainly via secondary impacts since they are the first to be made redundant during public sector cuts and they dominate industries such as retail and manufacturing which are the most suitable for relocation abroad (Clancy and Jenkins 2009). This unemployment causes a loss of income resulting in severe financial strain; with debt continuing to accumulate as they struggle to find a job and suffer with the social stigma associated with unemployment, individuals feel out of control with increasing levels of stress, depression deteriorating their health (Price et al. 2002). As money becomes increasingly tight basic needs such as nutrition and access to healthcare impact their physical health, this lack of finances means decreased opportunity for social activities and coping strategies further worsening their mental health (Price et al. 1998). Some people may lose hope all together and turn to health de structive behaviour such as smoking, alcohol and perhaps even suicide as described earlier. However in areas of high unemployment, the presence of many individuals in the same situation may protect individuals from such psychosocial impacts (Brenner and Mooney 1983). The more affluent are also at risk of unemployment, many directly from the recession as higher socio-economic groups dominate the financial sector, however like the lower-classes the decreased lending and public sector cuts cause widespread unemployment but on a much smaller scale. The contrast with that of the lower-classes is that their higher salary over the years often enables them to have sufficient savings that can act as a buffer, whilst they wait for the economy to recover and apply for new jobs, which they are more likely to get due to their higher qualifications (Elliott et al. 2010). These wealthier individuals suffer more in terms of psychological health; many experience a loss of identity, as their job defines them and without it they feel lost and unaware of their place in society (Price et al. 1998). Their physical health may not be affected with finances available to provide food and other essentials, however it is these same finances that have the capacity to fund sm oking, alcohol and even drug abuse. Unemployment indirectly impacts on the health of their entire family. The  Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys revealed wives of unemployed men experienced 20% excess deaths to those with employed husbands (Moser and Goldblatt 1990). There are also strong links between unemployment and domestic violence, unwanted pregnancy, divorce and impaired infant growth (Mathers and Schofield 1998). Social support from family and friends is crucial to combat unemployments negative psychological effects, but unemployment itself disrupts social support and friendship networks, often resulting in conflict (Price et al. 1998). The financial strain of recession puts significant pressures on parenting and ultimately deteriorates the health and development of their children which will affect them throughout their life-course (Solantus et al. 2004). This is accentuated by the government increasing the cost of university, denying those with potential in lower social-classes, the opportunity of u pward mobility. These family impacts are more prominent in lower socio-economic groups, with greater financial burden meaning lower control and more pressure on relationships. Some of the more indirect impacts of recession on health are not directly linked with unemployment, although some such as job insecurity and unsuitable reemployment may be associated with it. Job insecurity is a feature of modern Britain with our shift from manufacturing to service sector employment still struggling against strong international competition. The economic downturn increasing unemployment worsens the UKs already high job insecurity, with more people worried about their own or their companys longevity. The mechanism by which job insecurity impacts health is similar to that of unemployment; many view job loss anticipation as the first step of unemployment. With Petterson et al.(2005) observing insecure workers exhibiting declining concentration and increased irritation and long term sick leave its no wonder they may soon become unemployed. Dekker and Shaufeli (1995) even argue that it may be more difficult to cope with job uncertainty due to not knowing what to expect. These impacts relate to feelings of low control over their future, but this differs for the individual, the level of insecurity and the prospect of reemployment. Redundancies within an organisat ion can affect the health of all the employees, with those remaining exhibiting a lack in trust of those in power, competition with other workers at risk and resentment for those already redundant (Campbell and Pepper 2006). Unsatisfactory reemployment is an indirect impact due to decreased job opportunities, affecting those who have recently become unemployed and those looking for first time employment. The depression caused by unemployment itself severely reduces the chances of reemployment and the longer they spend unemployed they become deskilled making it even more difficult to escape the spiral of disadvantage (Price et al. 2002). Most would think its beneficial to gain employment and income, but the pressures of financial strain make lower socio-economic groups more likely to accept unsustainable employment, that is temporary, high-demand and low-pay. Whilst it may help financially in the short-term it wont have any long-term improvements and due to the type of work being unrewarding, monotonous and insecure means it has negative health implications such as depression, hence it may be just as bad as unemployment (Grzywacz Dooley 2003). Along with unemployment and pay cuts, a higher cost of living involving increasing VAT and escalating food and petrol prices all create financial strain, especially in the lower-classes, which itself causes negative health effects as discussed with unemployment. However this decreased disposable income reduces public spending, causing the local economy to fail (Brenner and Mooney 1983). Although large areas such as cities contain people of all socio-economic status, they are segregated into smaller communities of a particular social-class. Lower-class communities have the least public spending so are the worst affected; places like the high street which are important hubs for social integration soon become dilapidated, increasing levels of depression, crime and social exclusion, severely impacting the health of the community (Yuill 2009). Increased poverty and ill health puts tremendous pressure on public services such as social welfare, primary health care and the police. Public sector cuts in these areas further worsen the health impacts by reducing their ability to cope and reducing availability of such services to an ever increasing number of people who require them. In conclusion, the economic downturn has several impacts on the health of the UK, both directly and indirectly. These impacts do affect everyone so no groups should be ignored, but its clear that socio-economic status influences the mechanisms and severity by which it impacts peoples health. The majority of research indicates that lower-classes are the worst affected; they are most likely to become unemployed, experience job insecurity and undertake unsuitable employment (Clancy and Jenkins 2009). They also experience greater financial strain from pay cuts and increased cost of living, all of which result in more serious health connotations. Higher socio-economic groups dont experience such a financial loss and are considered to have more control over their futures due to assets such as savings and good qualifications, but they do experience negative mental health impacts, such as loss of identity, different to that of lower-classes (Price et al. 1998). Indirect impacts of the recess ion such as reduced public spending and public sector cuts reduce service availability, particularly in deprived areas where they are needed the most. It is important to understand that its not just about individuals, the recession indirectly affects family and friends and that lower-class families raising a child in times of struggle will severely affect that childs health throughout their life-course (Marmot and Bell 2009). Reference list Bartley, M. 2004. Health inequality an introduction to theories, concepts and methods. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 22-32. Brenner, M. and Mooney, A. 1983. Unemployment and health in the context of economic change. Social Science Medicine 17, pp. 1125à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1138. Burgard, S. Brand, J. and House, J. 2007. Toward a better estimation of the effect of job loss on health. J Health Soc Behav 48, pp. 369-384. Campbell, R. and Pepper, L. 2006. Downsizing and social cohesion: the case of downsizing survivors. New Solutions 16(4), pp. 373à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 393. Catalano, R. 1997. An Emerging Theory of the Effect of Economic Contraction on Alcohol Abuse in the United States. Social Justice Research 10(2), pp. 191à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 201. Clancy, G. and Jenkins, J. 2009. The impact of the recession on the Labour Market. ONS presentation at Cardiff University (14.07.2009). Dekker, S. and Schaufeli, W. 1995. The effects of job insecurity on psychological health and withdrawal: A longitudinal study. Australian Psychologist 30(1), pp. 57à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 63. Denny, E. and Earle, S. 2005. Sociology for nurses. Cambridge: Polity Press, pp. 140-148. Elliott, E. Harrop, E. Rothwell, H. Shepherd, M. and Williams, G. 2010. Working paper 134: The impact of the economic downturn on health in Wales: A review and case study. Cardiff school of social sciences (November 2010), pp. 29-59. Gallo, W. Teng, H. Falba, T. Kasl, S. Krumholz, H. and Bradley, E. 2006. The impact of late career job loss on myocardial infarction and stroke: A 10 year follow up using the health and retirement survey. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 63(10), pp. 683à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 687. Graham, H. 2007. Unequal lives: Health and socio-economic inequalities. Buckingham: Open University Press. Grzywacz, J. and Dooley, D. 2003. Good jobs to bad jobs: Replicated evidence of an employment continuum from two large surveys. Social Science and Medicine 56, pp. 1749-1760. Marmot, M. (Chairman). 2010. Fair society healthy lives strategic review of health inequalities in England post 2010. London: The Marmot Review, pp.44-77. Marmot, M. and Bell, R. 2009. How will the financial crisis affect health? BMJ 338(b) 1314. Martikainen, P. Mà ¤ki, N. and Jà ¤ntti, M. 2007. The effects of unemployment on mortality following workplace downsizing and workplace closure: a registerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based followà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ up study of Finnish men and women during economic boom and recession. American Journal of Epidemiology 165(9), pp. 1070à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1075. Mathers, C. and Schofield, D. 1998. The health consequences of unemployment: the evidence. Medical Journal of Australia 168, pp. 178à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 182. Moser, K. Goldblatt, P. Fox, J. and Jones, D. 1990. Unemployment and mortality. Longitudinal study: Mortality and Social Organisation. London: OPCS. ONS. 2009. Health expectancy at birth. Office for National Statistics [online]. Available at: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=12964 [Accessed 9th March 2011]. ONS. 2010. SOC2010 volume 3 NC- SEC user manual [online]. Available at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/about-statistics/classifications/current/soc2010/soc2010-volume-3-ns-secrebased-on-soc2010user-manual/index.html [Accessed 27th February 2011]. Parliament. 2005. Select Committee on Science and Technology  First Report [online]. Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200506/ldselect/ldsctech/20/2004.htm [Accessed 27th February 2011]. Petterson, I. Hertting, A. Hagberg, L. and Theorell, T. 2005. Are trends in work and health conditions interrelated? A study of Swedish hospital employees in the 1990s. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 10(2), pp. 110à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 120. Price, R. Choi, J. and Vinokur, A. 2002. Links in the chain of adversity following job loss: How financial strain and loss of personal control lead to depression, impaired functioning, and poor health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 7(4), pp. 302-312. Price, R. Friedland, D. and Vinokur, A. 1998. Job loss: Hard times and eroded identity in J.H. Harvey (Ed.) Perspectives on loss: A sourcebook. Philadelphia: Taylor Francis, pp. 303à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 316. Ruhm, C. 2005. Healthy living in hard times. Journal of Health Economics 24(2), pp. 341à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 63. Solantaus, T. Leinonen, J. and Punamà ¤ki, R. 2004. Childrens Mental Health in Times of Economic Recession: Replication and Extensions of the Family Economic Stress Model in Finland. Developmental Psychology 40, pp. 412à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 429. Strully, K. 2006. Job loss and health in the US labour market. Demography 46, pp. 221à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 226. Treanor, J. 2008.  Northern Rock to make 800 compulsory redundancies.  The Guardian [online] 31.07.2008. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/jul/31/northernrock.creditcrunch [Accessed: 06.03.11]. Weber, A. and Lehnert, G. 1997. Unemployment and cardiovascular diseases: a causal relationship? International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health 70(3), pp. 153à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 160. Yuill, C. 2009. The Credit Crunch and the High Street: Coming Like a Ghost Town. Social Research Online [online] 14(2). Available at: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/2/12.html [Accessed: 8th March 2011].

Acid Rain :: Environment Ecology Nature Essays Papers

Acid Rain If it was possible to peer into the future and see the environmental consequences of mankind’s actions, humans’ harmful contributions to the highly acidic rain levels would be apparent. Seeing the possibility of a tragic environment in the future would change the ways we treat our environment today and forever. The environment receives its main punishments from a variety of sources, ranging from car smog to industrial smog and waste. Acid rain, fog, sleet and snow all have severely harmful affects on our environment. In order to protect our environment, humans need to be conscious of the results of their actions and act responsibly to slow down, if not stop, the negative effects of acid rain on our plant, animal and human life. Acid rain is rain with a low PH level. A scale ranging from zero to fourteen defines the ph scale, with zero representing the most acidic, fourteen representing the most basic ph levels and seven representing neutral. Acid rain can formulate from sulfur and nitrogen, which is emmited by cars and coal fired generators. America and Europe are the leaders in the war against acid rain, and are fighting to protect our health and environment. One way these two regions are attempting to reduce acid rain is by encouraging the use of natural gases rather than coal in power plants. This is useful because natural gases contain less sulfur. Acid rain is detrimental to all living organisms and needs to be decreased. Acid rain affects the entire environment, especially plants and animals. One of the most harmful effects acid rain has on the ecosystem is its destruction of plant life. Acid rain containing highly acidic ph levels also greatly affects animal lives. After falling, acid rain flows directly from the plants, through the watershed and into a stream, river or lake, where it can dramatically affect aquatic life. During the flow of acid rain through soils and into the watershed system, aluminum is picked up and dispersed into the nearby streams, rivers and lakes. Aquatic life can live with a below normal acid level, but the additional aluminum deposited into the reservoir greatly affects the fish. All breathing organisms are also affected by the acid rain pollutants distributed into the air. The major source of these air pollutants is nitrogen oxide from vehicles and industrial sites where fossil fuels are burned. Acid Rain :: Environment Ecology Nature Essays Papers Acid Rain If it was possible to peer into the future and see the environmental consequences of mankind’s actions, humans’ harmful contributions to the highly acidic rain levels would be apparent. Seeing the possibility of a tragic environment in the future would change the ways we treat our environment today and forever. The environment receives its main punishments from a variety of sources, ranging from car smog to industrial smog and waste. Acid rain, fog, sleet and snow all have severely harmful affects on our environment. In order to protect our environment, humans need to be conscious of the results of their actions and act responsibly to slow down, if not stop, the negative effects of acid rain on our plant, animal and human life. Acid rain is rain with a low PH level. A scale ranging from zero to fourteen defines the ph scale, with zero representing the most acidic, fourteen representing the most basic ph levels and seven representing neutral. Acid rain can formulate from sulfur and nitrogen, which is emmited by cars and coal fired generators. America and Europe are the leaders in the war against acid rain, and are fighting to protect our health and environment. One way these two regions are attempting to reduce acid rain is by encouraging the use of natural gases rather than coal in power plants. This is useful because natural gases contain less sulfur. Acid rain is detrimental to all living organisms and needs to be decreased. Acid rain affects the entire environment, especially plants and animals. One of the most harmful effects acid rain has on the ecosystem is its destruction of plant life. Acid rain containing highly acidic ph levels also greatly affects animal lives. After falling, acid rain flows directly from the plants, through the watershed and into a stream, river or lake, where it can dramatically affect aquatic life. During the flow of acid rain through soils and into the watershed system, aluminum is picked up and dispersed into the nearby streams, rivers and lakes. Aquatic life can live with a below normal acid level, but the additional aluminum deposited into the reservoir greatly affects the fish. All breathing organisms are also affected by the acid rain pollutants distributed into the air. The major source of these air pollutants is nitrogen oxide from vehicles and industrial sites where fossil fuels are burned.

World Without

After day at work, Montage arrives at his house to find Mildred passed out and unresponsive. He calls for an ambulance and her stomach Is pumped. Montage confronts Mildred in the morning: â€Å"Yes,' he said. ‘l wanted to talk to you. ‘ He paused. You took all the pills in your bottle last night. ‘ ‘Oh, I wouldn't do that,' she said, surprised. ‘The bottle was empty. ‘ ‘I wouldn't do a thing Like that. Why would I do a thing like that? She said. ‘Maybe you took two pills and forgot and took two more and forgot again and took two more and were so dopey you kept right on until you had thirty or forty of them in you. ‘Heck,' he said, What would I want to go and do a silly thing like that for? † (Bradbury 19). Mildred is depressed and attempted to take her life. When confronted by her husband, she denies it. This is because the marriage lacks the communication and interaction that marriages need to survive. She will not express her feelings to her husband, so she only feels worse. Similarly, Montage cannot try to comfort Mildred because she will not talk. This leads to the fact that the world cannot function without social interaction. In Montage's world, people simply do not interact normally. This leads to a Vicious cycle of depression and isolation.Mildred started only slightly sad, but because she has no one to talk to, she dwells on the subject and becomes deeply depressed. This is normal occurrence in their world. Society is in such a poor state that people would rather kill themselves than talk to someone! This shows that people are depressed, and stay depressed, because they cannot communicate and interact. Alternatively, Montage comes to realize that society has no value for life. Montage's only true friend, Claries, reveals to Montage the terrible acts that are committed everyday: † ‘I'm afraid of children my own age. They kill each other.Did it always used to be that way? My uncle s ays no. Six of my friends have been shot in the last year alone. Ten of them died In car wrecks. I'm afraid of them and they don't Like me because I'm afraid'† (Bradbury 30). The way Claries says this makes It seem to be obvious to the whole world, but to Montage it is a revelation. He sees that the society has transformed into something where life is worth no more than the gas in the car that hits the body. The most basic unit of living has changed from morality to mortality. People are killed for no reason other than for the entertainment of others.In this society, the government Is killing all their enemies and that Is the cause of the devaluation of life. The public sees the mass destruction of life In the world, which killing. Simply killing someone would soon leave them board though, so they make up games where they kill innocent by-standers. This degradation of life causes people to not only not care about each other, but leads to them not caring about themselves. They see the fragility in their lives, which leads them to the question â€Å"If life can end so quickly, then why is life worth living? † Thus, the devaluation of life causes unhappiness in Montage world.Additionally, Montage realizes that the people are not sorry for their actions. Montage has Just read aloud an excerpt from a book, which are illegal to have. Milliard's friends are over and are appalled that Montage is reading this, so they start to tell him to stop. Montage responds with this:† ‘Go home. ‘ Montage fixed his eyes upon her, quietly. ‘Go home and think of your first husband divorced and your second husband killed in a Jet and your third husband blowing his brains out, go home and think of the dozen abortions you've had, go home and think of that and your damned cesarean sections, too, and your children who hate your guts!Go home and think how it all happened and what did you ever do to stop it? Go home, go home! ‘ he yelled. ‘Be fore I knock you down and kick you out of the door! ‘† (Bradbury 101). Montage sees that the world has no recognition of their actions anymore. He verbally abuses his wife's friend. He knows that if the world does not change then it will not improve. Montage knows that people have to show remorse for their actions. Montage is not above attacking someone to get reactions. The world does not reflect upon their actions because they are too centered on themselves, and not their effect on others.By seeing the effect of their actions, society could improve. However, since people will not reflect upon their actions, then society will worsen. This proves that society's lack of reflection is a factor in the depressive nature of Montage world. Finally, Montage understands that the world is unhappy even though it is full of niceties. First, he sees that the society needs to communicate better. Second, Montage learns that life is devalued. Third, he understands that people are not s orry for anything. In conclusion, Guy Montage realizes that his world has no Joy because society is missing key elements that guarantee happiness.

Kid kustomers summery essay

That was until the â€Å"Decade of the Child consumer† as many marketing experts call it, where marketing agencies legalized that working parents are more willing to spend money on materialistic items for their kids t o keep them happy. Most all big marketing agencies around that time realized the potential opportunity they had to create a olfactory fan to their brand, so in turn most every ad agency created a child en division to their company.The children divisions of the companies were completely focused o n how to market their brand to stick in young kids minds. The best example of this that Closer BRI nags up in the article is he old Camel Cigarettes mascot, â€Å"Joe Camel†. Joe Camel was a cartoon chart term that the camel cigarettes brand invented to help market their product to a younger crowd an d it worked perfectly.A study done in 1991 showed that almost all American kids age six, could recon nice Joe Camel just as easily as the famous Mackey mouse. Then ano ther very shocking study came shortly after that found that % of all cigarettes illegally sold to minors were Camel cigarettes. Closer goes on to explain that marketing agencies have a goal of getting chi lilied to have pacific reasons for their parents why they need the advertised product.They don't just want kids to whine and beg for their product because they want it, the agencies want child Rene to feel certain reasons why they actually need the product. In order to know what kids need to see to get infatuated with a product, market researchers hold staged sleepovers, focus groups and play d dates for kids as young as two or three to study what they talk about, play with, and even what they drag w in their pictures. The ad agencies also used the internet as a huge marketing tool to children.In 1 998 a federal investigation of the internet found that 89% of children aimed sites were requesting personal information from children without a parents consent which now is illegal due t o the Children's Online Pri vacancy Protection Act, which took effect in the year 2000. The biggest tool that marketing agencies still have to hook our children on the IR product is the television. Despite the efforts of the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) to ban al I television ads directed at children under seven, the television still remains the number one place for racketing agencies to spread their message subliminally to children's minds.With TV channels like N clonked, the Disney Channel, the Cartoon Network and all the other child networks, the television is broadcasting children based advertisements tenderfoot hours a day. Before 1 980, or the â€Å"Decade of the child consumer† none of these television networks even existed. Now the typical American chill d is watching television at an average of twenty hours a week and almost one and a half months o UT of a year, watching more than thirty thousand TV commercials.